Fellow Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:
On our present meeting it is my first duty to invite your attention to the providential favors which our
country has experienced in the unusual degree of health dispensed to its inhabitants, and in the rich abundance
with which the earth has rewarded the labors bestowed on it. In the successful cultivation of other branches of
industry, and in the progress of general improvement favorable to the national prosperity, there is just occasion also for our mutual congratulations and thankfulness.
With these blessings are necessarily mingled the pressures and vicissitudes incident to the state of war
into which the United States have been forced by the perseverance of a foreign power in its system of injustice and aggression.
Previous to its declaration it was deemed proper, as a measure of precaution and forecast, that a
considerable force should be placed in the Michigan Territory with a general view to its security, and, in the
event of war, to such operations in the uppermost Canada as would intercept the hostile influence of Great
Britain over the savages, obtain the command of the lake on which that part of Canada borders, and maintain
cooperating relations with such forces as might be most conveniently employed against other parts. Brigadier-
General Hull was charged with this provisional service, having under his command a body of troops composed
of regulars and of volunteers from the State of Ohio. Having reached his destination after his knowledge of the war, and possessing discretionary authority to act offensively, he passed into the neighboring territory of the enemy with a prospect of easy and victorious progress. The expedition, nevertheless, terminated
unfortunately, not only in a retreat to the town and fort of Detroit, but in the surrender of both and of the
gallant corps commanded by that officer. The causes of this painful reverse will be investigated by a military
tribunal...
Anxious to abridge the evils from which a state of war can not be exempt, I lost no time after it was
declared in conveying to the British Government the terms on which its progress might be arrested, without
awaiting the delays of a formal and final pacification, and our charge d'affaires at London was at the same time authorized to agree to an armistice founded upon them...
The documents from the Department of State which relate to this subject will give a view also of the
propositions for an armistice which have been received here, one of them from the authorities at Halifax and in
Canada, the other from the British Government itself through Admiral Warren, and of the grounds on which
neither of them could be accepted. Our affairs with France retain the posture which they held at my last
communication to you. Notwithstanding the authorized expectations of an early as well as favorable issue to
the discussions on foot, these have been procrastinated to the latest date. The only intervening occurrence
meriting attention is the promulgation of a French decree purporting to be a definitive repeal of the Berlin and Milan decrees. This proceeding, although made the ground of the repeal of the British order in council, is
rendered by the time and manner of it liable to many objections.
The final communications from our special minister to Denmark afford further proofs of the good
effects of his mission, and of the amicable disposition of the Danish Government. From Russia we have the
satisfaction to receive assurances of continued friendship, and that it will not be affected by the rupture
between the United States and Great Britain. Sweden also professes sentiments favorable to the subsisting
harmony.
With the Barbary Powers, excepting that of Algiers, our affairs remain on the ordinary footing. The
consul-general residing with that Regency has suddenly and without cause been banished, together with all the
American citizens found there. Whether this was the transitory effect of capricious despotism or the first act of predetermined hostility is not ascertained. Precautions were taken by the consul on the latter supposition.
The Indian tribes not under foreign instigations remain at peace, and receive the civilizing attentions
which have proved so beneficial to them.
With a view to that vigorous prosecution of the war to which our national faculties are adequate, the
attention of Congress will be particularly drawn to the insufficiency of existing provisions for filling up the
military establishment. Such is the happy condition of our country, arising from the facility of subsistence and
the high wages for every species of occupation, that notwithstanding the augmented inducements provided at
the last session, a partial success only has attended the recruiting service. The deficiency has been necessarily
supplied during the campaign by other than regular troops, with all the inconveniences and expense incident to them. The remedy lies in establishing more favorably for the private soldier the proportion between his
recompense and the term of his enlistment, and it is a subject which can not too soon or too seriously be taken
into consideration.
The same insufficiency has been experienced in the provisions for volunteers made by an act of the last
session., the recompense for the service required in this case is still less attractive than in the other, and
although patriotism alone has sent into the field some valuable corps of that description, those alone who can
afford the sacrifice can be reasonably expected to yield to that impulse...
The receipts into the Treasury during the year ending on the 30th of September last have exceeded
$16,500,000, which have been sufficient to defray all the demands on the Treasury to that day, including a
necessary reimbursement of near three millions of the principal of the public debt. In these receipts is included a sum of near $5,850,000, received on account of the loans authorized by the acts of the last session; the whole sum actually obtained on loan amounts to $11,000,000, the residue of which, being receivable
subsequent to the 30th of September last, will, together with the current revenue, enable us to defray all the
expenses of this year.
The duties on the late unexpected importations of British manufactures will render the revenue of the
ensuing year more productive than could have been anticipated.
The situation of our country, fellow-citizens, is not without its difficulties, though it abounds in animating considerations, of which the view here presented of our pecuniary resources is an example. With more than one nation we have serious and unsettled controversies, and with one, powerful in the means and habits of war, we are at war. The spirit and strength of the nation are nevertheless equal to the support of all its rights, and to carry it through all its trials. They can be met in that confidence. Above all, we have the inestimable consolation of knowing that the war in which we are actually engaged is a war neither of ambition nor of vainglory; that it is waged not in violation of the rights of others, but in the maintenance of our own; that it was preceded by a patience without example under wrongs accumulating without end, and that it was finally not declared until every hope of averting it was extinguished by the transfer of the British scepter into new hands clinging to former councils, and until declarations were reiterated to the last hour, through the British envoy here, that the hostile edicts against our commercial rights and our maritime independence would not be revoked; nay that they could not be revoked without violating the obligations of Great Britain to other powers, as well as to her own interests. To have shrunk under such circumstances from manly resistance would have been a degradation blasting our best and proudest hopes; it would have struck us from the high rank where the virtuous struggles of our fathers had placed us, and have betrayed the magnificent legacy which we hold in trust for future generations. It would have acknowledged that on the element which forms three-fourths of the globe we inhabit and where all independent nations have equal and common rights, the American people were not an independent people, but colonists and vassals. It was at this moment and with such an alternative that war was chosen. The nation felt the necessity of it, and called for it. The appeal was accordingly made, in a just cause, to the Just and All-powerful Being who holds in His hand the chain of events and the destiny of nations. It remains only that, faithful to ourselves, entangled in no connections with the views of other powers, and ever ready to accept peace from the hand of justice, we prosecute the war with united counsels and with the ample faculties of the nation until peace be so obtained and as the only means under the Divine blessing of
